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Cylinder Volume Calculator

Enter a radius or diameter and a height. Get the exact volume in gallons, litres, cubic feet, cubic inches and more — with the formula and every step shown.

A cylinder is any straight tube-shaped object — a can, a pipe, a water tank, a drum, a fence post. Its volume is the area of the round end multiplied by how tall it is, written V = π r² h. This cylinder volume calculator does that arithmetic for you and, just as importantly, converts the answer into whatever unit you actually need — from litres and gallons to cubic feet and cubic inches.

How to use the cylinder volume calculator

  1. Choose whether you are entering a radius, a diameter or a circumference.
  2. Type the value in and pick its unit — millimetres, centimetres, metres, inches, feet or yards.
  3. Enter the height (or length) of the cylinder.
  4. Press Calculate. The result appears with a full unit breakdown and the working underneath.

Everything runs in your browser, so nothing is uploaded and the tool keeps working even with a poor connection. On a phone, the result panel slides into view the moment you calculate.

The cylinder volume formula

For a right circular cylinder the formula is V = π r² h — the area of the circular base, π r², multiplied by the height h.

Standard     V = π r² h
Hollow tube  V = π h (R² − r²)
Half cylinder  V = ½ π r² h
Elliptical     V = π a b h

If you have the diameter instead of the radius

Halve the diameter first: r = d ÷ 2. The formula then becomes V = π (d/2)² h, which is the same as V = π d² h ÷ 4. The calculator does this step automatically when you switch to diameter mode.

The exact value in terms of π

Leaving π in the answer gives the exact form — for example 144π in³ rather than 452.39 in³. Set the precision control to “Exact” to read it that way, which is what most homework questions expect.

Worked example. Take a cylinder with a diameter of 30 in (so a radius of 15 in) and a height of 48 in. The base area is π × 15² = 706.86 in², and multiplying by the height gives a volume of about 146.9 US gallons (33,929 in³ · 556.0 litres).

Units and inputs it supports

Measure in one system and read the answer in another — the tool converts between all of them and shows every unit at once.

Length units for measurements

Millimetres (mm), centimetres (cm), metres (m), inches (in), feet (ft) and yards (yd). Each field has its own unit, so you can mix them freely.

Volume and capacity units for the result

Cubic millimetres, cubic centimetres, millilitres, litres and cubic metres; cubic inches, cubic feet and cubic yards; and liquid capacity in US gallons, Imperial gallons and US fluid ounces.

Every cylinder shape, not just the simple one

Real tanks lie on their sides, pipes are hollow, and some vessels are oval. There is a dedicated tool for each:

Where these numbers come from

The calculators use standard, internationally recognised definitions, so the results line up with official references rather than rounded shortcuts.

US and Imperial gallons

One US liquid gallon is defined as exactly 231 cubic inches (about 3.785 411 784 litres). One Imperial gallon is exactly 4.546 09 litres (about 277.42 cubic inches).

Why the two gallons differ

They come from different historical standards: the US gallon from the old English wine gallon, the Imperial gallon defined later in Britain. An Imperial gallon is roughly 20% larger, which is exactly why this tool always asks which one you mean and shows both.

Metric and other factors used

  • 1 litre = 1000 cubic centimetres; 1 cubic metre = 1000 litres.
  • 1 cubic foot = 1728 cubic inches ≈ 7.4805 US gallons.
  • π is carried to full double precision (≈ 3.141592653589793).

Unit definitions follow NIST and international standards for US customary and metric measures.

Common tank sizes at a glance

A quick reference for upright tanks, using inside dimensions in inches:

Diameter × Height (in)US gallonsLitres
24 × 3671267
30 × 48147556
36 × 602641001
48 × 725642135
60 × 9611754448

Where this calculator gets used

  • Water storage, rainwater butts and irrigation tanks on farms and in gardens
  • Fuel, oil and chemical drums in industry and workshops
  • Pipes, tubes and ducts — both the material and what they carry
  • Kitchen and baking swaps between round tins and jars
  • Geometry homework, where the steps matter as much as the answer

These are geometric gallons from the dimensions you enter. A real tank holds slightly less once wall thickness, fittings and headspace are taken into account — and always confirm whether you need US or Imperial gallons.

What people use it for

“I dip our horizontal diesel tank every week. Punching the depth in and reading the litres left has replaced a laminated chart nobody trusted.”
— Farm operations
“Sizing rainwater butts for clients used to mean a spreadsheet. Now I show them the gallons and litres side by side in seconds.”
— Landscape contractor
“My students finally understand why the answer comes out in cubic units once they can see every step laid out.”
— Secondary maths teacher

Frequently asked questions

What is the formula for the volume of a cylinder?
The volume is V = π r² h — the area of the circular base (π r²) multiplied by the height (h). If you have the diameter instead of the radius, halve it first: r = d ÷ 2.
Do I use radius or diameter?
Either — just tell the calculator which you are entering. The radius is from the centre to the edge; the diameter is the full width across. The tool converts diameter to radius automatically.
What units can I use?
Any of millimetres, centimetres, metres, inches, feet or yards for the measurements, and you can read the result in litres, gallons, cubic feet, cubic inches and more.
Is the volume of a cylinder squared or cubed?
The result is in cubic units, because volume fills three dimensions. The radius is squared inside the formula only because it forms the flat circular base; multiplying by the height adds the third dimension.
Does this work for a tank or a pipe?
Yes. A solid tank uses the standard mode; for a pipe or tube use the hollow mode, which subtracts the bore. For a tank on its side, use the horizontal mode.
What is the difference between US and Imperial gallons?
An Imperial gallon (about 4.546 litres) is larger than a US gallon (about 3.785 litres). Always confirm which one you need — the tool shows both so you can't mix them up.
How do I convert cubic inches to gallons?
Divide the cubic inches by 231 for US gallons, or by roughly 277.42 for Imperial gallons. For example, 462 in³ ÷ 231 = 2 US gallons.
How do I find how full my tank is?
Enter the tank's inside diameter and the current liquid height. The tool returns the liquid volume, the full capacity and the fill percentage.
Why can't I use π r² h for a horizontal tank?
Because a tank on its side fills as a circular segment, not a simple stack. Half the depth is not half the volume. The calculator uses the correct segment formula.
How do I find the volume of a hollow cylinder?
Subtract the inner cylinder from the outer one: V = π h (R² − r²), where R is the outer radius and r is the inner radius. The tool asks for diameters and does the halving for you.

Browse all calculators

There is a page for almost every way people phrase this — see the full list of calculators, read the guides, or start with the gallons, litres and formula pages.